Middle AgesMedicine & Health Al-Zahrawi's surgical encyclopedia c. 1000Major The father of surgery describes over 200 instruments. ▲ MattersSaveShareTrace roots Longest chain: The Big Bang → First stars ignite → Supernovae seed heavy elements → The Sun forms → Earth forms → First oceans → First life → Photosynthesis evolves → Great Oxidation Event → Complex cells (eukaryotes) → Multicellular life → First animals → Cambrian Explosion → First vertebrates → Jawed fish → Fish walk onto land → The amniotic egg → The Great Dying → Dinosaurs appear → Asteroid ends the dinosaurs → Early primates → Apes split from monkeys → Human line splits from chimpanzees → Walking upright → First stone tools → Genus Homo appears → Homo erectus → Control of fire → Habitual fire and cooking → Homo sapiens appears → Complex language → Natufian villages → Oldest known bread → Agriculture begins → Irrigation → Uruk and the first cities → Cylinder seals → Writing (cuneiform) → Babylonian mathematics → Babylonian astronomical diaries → Thales and natural philosophy → Trial and death of Socrates → Plato's Academy → Aristotle's Lyceum → Alexander's conquests → Alexandria founded → Library of Alexandria → House of Wisdom → Al-Zahrawi's surgical encyclopedia Community notesLoading notes… Learn more ranked by votesDocumentpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.govAbu Al Qasim Al Zahrawi (Albucasis): pioneer of modern surgery (PMC) ↗Editor's pickBookM. S. Spink and G. L. LewisAlbucasis on Surgery and Instruments ↗Editor's pickVideoSearch on YouTubeAl-Zahrawi father of surgery history ↗Editor's pick