World Wars and the AtomGovernment & Law
Execution of the Romanovs
1918NotableContested
Bolsheviks shoot Tsar Nicholas II and his family in Yekaterinburg. Rumors that Anastasia survived persist until DNA tests identify all seven.
Contested history
Consensus: Tsar Nicholas II, his wife and their five children were shot by Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg in July 1918.
The whole family died in 1918Established
DNA testing of remains found in 1991 and 2007 identified all seven family members.
Anastasia survived as Anna AndersonDebunked
A 1994 DNA test of Anderson's tissue showed she was not a Romanov and matched a Polish family.
A Romanov child escapedDebunked
The 2007 find of the last two children closed the gap that fueled survival stories.
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Learn more ranked by votes
Documentjournals.plos.org
Mystery solved: identification of the two missing Romanov children using DNA analysis (PLOS ONE, 2009) ↗Editor's pick
Documentnature.com
Identification of the remains of the Romanov family by DNA analysis (Nature Genetics, 1994) ↗Editor's pick
Documentnature.com
Establishing the identity of Anna Anderson Manahan (Nature Genetics, 1995) ↗Editor's pick